A supernova.
The word you are looking for is "apparent magnitude". This term describes the brightness of a celestial object as seen from Earth.
Magnitude is the common term, the luminosity of a star is also used.
A point.
A voyage around the earth is commonly referred to as a "circumnavigation." This term describes the act of traveling all the way around a planet or a geographical feature.
From the fact that it looks like a quickly-moving star.
Liquid
Planets cannot become novae; a "nova", or more completely "nova stellarum", is the term given to a "new star" that appears when an old star explodes.
Mostly Hydrogen with a little helium.
In science, a consumer describes an individual who uses some thing.
Jurisprudence. The philosophy of law. Also, the science and study of law.
hypothesis
red shifted
The term that describes potential difference in science is voltage. Voltage is the measure of electric potential difference between two points in an electrical circuit, representing the force that drives current flow. It is measured in volts (V).
Cartography is the name of the science of map-making. Topography is a term that describes the condition of the land such as mountains etc.
The chourus describes Romeo and Juliet as star crossed lovers.
Charles's Law. (Chapter 3.4 Assessments for Physical Science)
The term that describes forces that cannot be explained by science or the laws of nature is "supernatural." These are phenomena or powers that are considered to originate beyond the realms of natural understanding and empirical evidence.