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Scientists primarily look for the presence of liquid water and the right chemical conditions, such as essential elements like carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur. These factors are crucial because they indicate the potential for biochemical processes similar to those on Earth. Additionally, they often consider the planet's location within the habitable zone, where temperatures allow for liquid water to exist. Identifying biosignatures, or indicators of past or present life, is also a key focus in the search for extraterrestrial life.

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