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from the Wikipedia article on microscopes:

Microscopes trace their history back almost 1200 years with Abbas Ibn Firnas's corrective lenses, and it was Ibn al-Haytham's Book of Optics, written between 1011 and 1021, that laid the foundation for optical research on the magnifying glass. Also, a device called the reading stone by an unknown inventor (thought to be Ibn Firnas) magnified text when laid on top of reading materials.

The first true microscope was made around 1595 in Middelburg, Netherlands. Three different eyeglass makers have been given credit for the invention: Hans Lippershey (who also developed the first real telescope); Sacharias Jansen; and his son, Zacharias.

Giovanni Faber is credited with coining the name "microscope" which he gave to Galileo Galilei's compound microscope in 1625.

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek, the "Father of Microbiology", later developed a new, improved microscope which allowed people to see microscopic things in the biological realm, like bacteria and spermatozoa, which no human had ever seen before.

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