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The first launch in the Mercury Program was on 21 August 1959 and was designated as JL-1 and was called Little Joe. It was designed as a sub-orbital flight and it truly was. The mock-up capsule was fired by an electrical fault 35 seconds before scheduled, flew to an altitude of 0.4 miles and lasted a total of 20 seconds. The mission report read: Failed to meet objectives. More then two years later the MA-5 mission carrying Enos the Chimp made two orbits on his flight and survived. On 5 May 1961 Alan B. Shepard, Jr made his sub-orbital flight to an altitude of 116.5 miles in Freedom Seven in a mission that lasted for 15 minutes and 28 seconds, traveled 303 miles and reached a speed of 5,134 miles per hour.

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