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April 12, 1981

Depending on what you consider the first flight, the answer is 18 February 1977, 12 August 1977, or 12 April 1981.

Date

Orbiter

Major event

02/18/1977

Enterprise

First flight; Attached to Enterprise Shuttle Carrier Aircraft throughout flight.

08/12/1977

Enterprise

First free flight; Tailcone on; lakebed landing

10/12/1977

Enterprise

Third free flight; First with no tailcone; lakebed landing

10/26/1977

Enterprise

Final Enterprise free flight; First landing on Edwards AFB concrete runway.

04/12/1981

Columbia

First Columbia flight, first orbital test flight; STS-1

Enterprise never flew in space but it did fly in the atmosphere. If you consider Enterprise to count as one of the space shuttles, then the first flight was in 1977. If you only count the flights that launched into space, then Columbia was the first flight and occurred in 1981.

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