Mars, although Mercury is a very close second.
Mercury is the smallest of the 8 major planets, and has the least mass. However, it is dense, and its smaller size means that it has slightly higher gravity *at its surface* than Mars does, even though Mars has about twice the mass of Mercury.
Mars = 0.376 g (Earth gravity)
Mercury = 0.38 g (Earth gravity)
* Previously, Pluto had the smallest size and lowest surface gravity. But it is now classified with other dwarf planets and distant planetary bodies, which so far are all smaller than Mercury.
Venus actually has a harsher climate than Mercury even though it is further from the sun, and it is surrounded by clouds of CO2 and sulphur. Mercury also probably has ice while venus probably does not. Therefore venus is probably the least hospitable.
Double the mass means double the attraction in this case.Double the mass means double the attraction in this case.Double the mass means double the attraction in this case.Double the mass means double the attraction in this case.
The Earth's gravitational attraction prevents gasses from escaping into outer space.
Mercury has the greatest attraction to the Sun due to its proximity and mass. Being the closest planet to the Sun, the gravitational force between Mercury and the Sun is stronger than any other planet in our solar system.
If the distance between the star and the planet were 3 times as great, their gravitational attraction for each other would decrease by a factor of 9 (3 squared). The force of gravity between two objects is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
Venus actually has a harsher climate than Mercury even though it is further from the sun, and it is surrounded by clouds of CO2 and sulphur. Mercury also probably has ice while venus probably does not. Therefore venus is probably the least hospitable.
Double the mass means double the attraction in this case.Double the mass means double the attraction in this case.Double the mass means double the attraction in this case.Double the mass means double the attraction in this case.
The Earth's gravitational attraction prevents gasses from escaping into outer space.
Jupiter
Huh?
"Escape velocity" is defined as the velocity required in order to guarantee that the object will not fall back under the influence of the planet's gravitational attraction. If it's possible to escape from a planet's gravitational attraction, then an escape velocity can be defined and calculated.
The gravitational field (gravitational attraction per unit mass) at any given distance is directly proportional to the planet's mass.The gravitational field at the planet's SURFACE also depends on the planet's radius.
Mercury has the greatest attraction to the Sun due to its proximity and mass. Being the closest planet to the Sun, the gravitational force between Mercury and the Sun is stronger than any other planet in our solar system.
The gravitational attraction, between the Sun and the planet.
The force of gravitational attraction between two objects is strongest when their masses are large and they are very close together. For example, a planet and a star or two massive celestial bodies would experience a strong gravitational attraction between them.
If the distance between the star and the planet were 3 times as great, their gravitational attraction for each other would decrease by a factor of 9 (3 squared). The force of gravity between two objects is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
Their gravitational attraction draws in more material so that they grow by agglomeration.