The Sun's gravity
jupiter
No, the gravity of this planet will not be greater than that of earth. If the new planet has a mass equal to that of earth, its total gravity will be the same. There is a little ambiguity regarding 4 times earth density and half the earth's diameter if the idea is to keep the mass of this proposed planet the same as the earth. But setting that aside and assuming that the mass of the new planet is the same as earth's, the gravimetric field will be the same. Gravity is proportional to mass, and identical mass yields identical gravity. Now to the good part! The surface gravity of the new planet will be considerably higher than the surface gravity of earth. Both planets have the same mass and the same gravity, but a person standing on the surface of the new planet will be experiencing a whole lot more force pulling on him. All the mass of the new planet is beneath this person, but he's a lot closer to the center of gravityand will weigh a whole lot more.
The mass of planet Earth is 5.9736 × 1024 kg
The mass of the planet, the mass of the sun and the distance between the two.
A more massive planet is attracted more by the Sun if other things like the distance are equal. The force of gravity on a planet is proportional to the mass of the planet and inversely proportional to the sare of the distance.
Jupiter
a lot of empty space and a point singularity at the exact center containing all the mass compressed to infinite density.
No, the mass of a planet does not equal the size of that particular planet.
No, the gravity of this planet will not be greater than that of earth. If the new planet has a mass equal to that of earth, its total gravity will be the same. There is a little ambiguity regarding 4 times earth density and half the earth's diameter if the idea is to keep the mass of this proposed planet the same as the earth. But setting that aside and assuming that the mass of the new planet is the same as earth's, the gravimetric field will be the same. Gravity is proportional to mass, and identical mass yields identical gravity. Now to the good part! The surface gravity of the new planet will be considerably higher than the surface gravity of earth. Both planets have the same mass and the same gravity, but a person standing on the surface of the new planet will be experiencing a whole lot more force pulling on him. All the mass of the new planet is beneath this person, but he's a lot closer to the center of gravityand will weigh a whole lot more.
Well, Pluto was the planet which is made of a lot of ice (perhaps about half of the planet's mass), but in 2006 the IAU redefined Pluto as only a Dwarf Planet. The Pluto average temperature is about -229 degrees Celsius.
The mass of planet Earth is 5.9736 × 1024 kg
The strength of gravity between 2 bodies depends on your mass and the planet's mass, and the distance between the center of your mass and the center of the planet's mass.
The larger the planet mass, the bigger force of gravity it has.
Your mass does not change. Your weight, however, changes in proportion to the gravity of each planet.
More mass means a stronger gravitation field. One aspect of planet formation is the evaporation of light volatiles elements from the growing planet due to solar heating. If a forming planet is far enough away from the sun then it is cooler and is able to retain light-weight volatiles from being 'blown away' by solar heating and pressure. If a planet is able to retain Helium then it has the potential of gaining a lot of mass, as Helium is very abundant. If it gains mass due to Helium collection then eventually it will have enough of a gravitational field to retain Hydrogen which is super abundant and the planet just keeps on growing until it has used up everything there is to capture.
No. Your mass will stay the same. Your weight, however, will change in direct proportion to each planet's gravity.
The mass of the planet, the mass of the sun and the distance between the two.
Density of a planet = (Planet's mass) divided by (Planet's volume)