Venus
The atmosphere of Venus is very thick, and a parachute would have much greater drag for a given size, than on Earth or Mars. So it could be smaller to achieve the same slowing of a space probe's descent. On Mars, a larger parachute would be required, but fortunately Mars, being a smaller planet, has much less gravity than Earth, so the parachute does not have to resist the same acceleration force (which is roughly the same on Venus as on Earth).
Assuming that the Earth's atmosphere is a perfect sphere, then the atmosphere's center of mass will be at the point equidistant between Earth's poles (i.e. the center of the Earth!).
All of them do. There's no planet where the gravity is the same as on Earth.
Mercury is the only major planet without an atmosphere. It is able to hold some gases close to its surface, but not really enough to call it an atmosphere. Its due to the size of the planet being so small and lack of a decent magnetic field that it is unable to sustain an atmosphere.
what location on earth receives roughly the same amount of solar radiation year round
Venus is a 'rocky' planet, with a dense atmosphere, very roughly the same size as earth, the planet that can approach closest to the earth, and the brightest one in our sky.
venus
no planet has an atmosphere like ours! Sorry! Fun Fact: Venus is the same size and mass as Earth!
Gases in the Earth's atmosphere stay close to the surface due to the force of gravity acting on them. Gravity pulls the gases towards the center of the planet, keeping them from escaping into space. The mass of the Earth is sufficient to maintain an atmosphere that surrounds the planet.
My atmosphere is the same as your atmosphere since we all live on the same planet. Oxygen makes up about 19.5% of the atmosphere.
Venus has an atmosphere, though the "air" is not the same as on Earth (and would, in fact, instantly kill you).
Uranus
Venus is called Earth's twin planet, because they have similar size and mass. They also consist of roughly the same materials and were formed around the same time almost four billion years ago.
They are both "terrestrial" (rocky) planets. They both have an atmosphere. They have roughly the same land area (Mars has no oceans though). The length of a day is roughly equal on both.
no planet
For the same reason that our atmosphere on Earth does not escape into space - gravity.
The planet you are describing matches the characteristics of Venus. Venus is nearly the same size as Earth, has no moons, and its atmosphere is mostly composed of carbon dioxide, with thick clouds of sulfuric acid.