Why do they grow crystals in space stations?

Answer 1

In microgravity, crystals can grow larger, more accurately, and with a much more perfect structure than on Earth. On Earth, gravity has a huge impact on crystal growth, which causes crystals to have defects.

On the space station, protein crystals are grown to assist scientists in discovering how to make new drugs, which could potentially cure even tough diseases like HIV.

First proteins are dissolved in a concentrated solution inside the Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility (APCF) on the space station. Over a period of several weeks or even months, the concentration grows into protein crystals. The protein crystals are then returned to Earth where X-rays are shined through them to produce a diffraction pattern. A diffraction pattern is a map of the intensity of the X-rays after they have been reflected through the crystal. From the diffraction pattern, an electron density map is produced. The x-rays actually bounce off the electron cloud which from the outer structure of each atom. From the electron density pattern, the structure of the proteins can be calculated. The models produced of the protein structure can be used to find receptor sites and active areas where molecules would react with other molecules. This information can be used to design drugs that can either help or stop the proteins without affecting the rest of the body.

Answer 2

Growing crystals in space offers a unique environment of microgravity that allows for the production of larger, more pure crystals than those grown on Earth. The lack of gravity-induced convection currents in space helps prevent crystal formation from being disrupted, resulting in structures with improved uniformity and clarity. These high-quality crystals are valuable for various scientific research and commercial applications, such as drug development and material science.