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Spring and summer often see the collisions between air masses with very different temperatures. This can create strong thunderstorms that can in turn create tornadoes.

Further information:

Tornadoes need a combination of factors to form, and these factors are often associated with thunderstorms, which are most likely to occur in the warmer months. In fact the thunderstorms are what produce the tornadoes. Factors include:

  • strong spinning effects inside a thunderstorm or in the air surrounding the storm
  • strong winds moving vertically upward
  • high surface temperatures
  • steep moisture and temperature gradients, i.e. rapid changes in temperature and moisture which occur as air rises and falls
  • a deep layer of mid-atmospheric dry air above a moist surface layer - again, the moist surface layer is associated with warmer months

However, it should be noted that, because thunderstorms are not restricted only to Spring and Summer, then neither are tornadoes. Tornadoes can form wherever there are thunderstorms. Tornadoes are also more likely to occur in the late afternoon or early evening, when there is more likely to be sharp temperature gradients.

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