a) Why do we say that the requirements model represents a snapshot of a system in time?
The goal of prototyping based development is to counter the first two limitations of the waterfall model discussed earlier. The basic idea here is that instead of freezing the requirements before a design or coding can proceed, a throwaway prototype is built to understand the requirements. This prototype is developed based on the currently known requirements. Development of the prototype obviously undergoes design, coding and testing. But each of these phases is not done very formally or thoroughly. By using this prototype, the client can get an "actual feel" of the system, since the interactions with prototype can enable the client to better understand the requirements of the desired system. Prototyping is an attractive idea for complicated and large systems for which there is no manual process or existing system to help determining the requirements. In such situations letting the client "plan" with the prototype provides invaluable and intangible inputs which helps in determining the requirements for the system. It is also an effective method to demonstrate the feasibility of a certain approach. This might be needed for novel systems where it is not clear that constraints can be met or that algorithms can be developed to implement the requirements. The process model of the prototyping approach is shown in the figure below.
The planets in our solar system revolve around the sun
The scientist made the heliocentric model of the solar system. It is a word for the graphical model of our solar system.
The heliocentric model proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus in the 16th century positioned the Sun at the center of the solar system, with the planets, including Earth, orbiting around it. This model replaced the geocentric model which had Earth at the center.
A model of planets orbiting is called a heliocentric model, where planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits. This model was first proposed by Copernicus in the 16th century as an alternative to the geocentric model.
The intent of the requirements model is to provide a description of the required information, functional, and behavioral domains for a computer‐based system. The model changes dynamically as software engineers learn more about the system to be built, and stakeholders understand more about what they really require. For that reason, the analysis model is a snapshot of requirements at any given time.
part of the solar system
waterfall model is suitable for this as the requirements are clear and it is a simple model to develop.
Mathematical Model.
A physical model in system analysis and design represents the tangible aspects of a system, illustrating how components interact in the real world. It encompasses hardware specifications, network configurations, and physical layouts, providing a concrete view of system architecture. This model aids stakeholders in understanding system functionality and performance, ensuring alignment between technical requirements and user needs. Additionally, it serves as a blueprint for implementation and maintenance.
The right side of the Systems Engineering V model represents the validation and verification phases of the system development process. It involves confirming that the system meets its specified requirements and performs as intended through testing and evaluation. This side focuses on integrating the components and ensuring that the final product aligns with user needs and expectations, effectively transitioning from development to deployment.
conceptual model :A conceptual model uses idea to suggest what system is or how it works.A physical model : A physical model might be a scale model , either larger or smaller than the actual system it represents.
Swivel / slider / snapshot phones.
In the bunch of grapes model, each grape represents an alveolus, where gas exchange occurs. The stem represents the bronchioles and the main stem represents the trachea. The entire bunch represents the lungs as a whole.
N2A318GKA100 The 18 in the model number represents 18,000 BTU's or 1.5 tons.
The Modal Model of Memory, also known as the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, represents information flowing from sensory memory to short-term memory and then to long-term memory. This model describes how information is transferred and processed between different memory systems.
System identification in data analysis and modeling involves collecting data from a system, analyzing it to understand the system's behavior, and creating a mathematical model that represents the system accurately. This process typically includes data collection, preprocessing, model selection, parameter estimation, and model validation. The goal is to develop a model that can predict the system's behavior and make informed decisions based on the data.