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Night and day cycles are determined by the earth spinning around its axis once every 24 hours, with the part of the earth facing the sun being daytime.

The earth also orbits around the sun once a year.

The axis of rotation for the earth's spin tilts 23.4 degrees.

This tilt means that in the summer months for the north (June, July), more of the northern hemisphere is facing the sun, so the sun is more overhead and days are longer in the north.

In the fall and winter (December, January), more of the southern hemisphere is facing the sun, and less of the northern hemisphere faces the sun. Thus the sun is lower, and days are shorter in the north.

The seasons are opposite in the south.

Spring and fall are transition periods and would mark the times where the sun is over the equator.

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14y ago

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