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Venus' atmosphere consists mainly of Co2 (Carbon dioxide), while Earth's atmosphere is Co2 and oxygen. Co2 is much denser than oxygen, so it holds more heat from the sunlight.

This trapping of heat by gases is known as the "greenhouse effect", and while we are experiencing a small amount of it on Earth, Venus has a higher concentration of Co2, making the effect MUCH more severe. The effect is also more severe because Venus is closer to the sun.

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