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Dominant traits are genetic traits that are expressed over a recessive genetic trait.

This relates only to single genes where one specific marker controls a genetic trait.

Below is a fairly simple hypothetical explanation and (made up) example. Genetics is much more complex in reality and a full explanation can be found at the "Related Link" below the answer.

Genes carry both a dominant marker and a recessive marker for a particular trait, one being donated by each original parent.

One is dominant over the other and is expressed physically.

For example, a person may have the trait for green eyes as well as for blue eyes, if the green is dominant, it is then physically expressed by the person having green eyes. The person still, however, carries the trait for blue eyes in his genetic makeup - which can still be passed on to his/ her offspring.

In this instance his/ her offspring could either have blue or green eyes, depending on the traits inherited from the other parent.

Bear in mind that when sex cells are produced by the parents, only one of the traits is donated by each parent. To extend the example from above, the parent could produce a gamete (egg or sperm) that has the trait for green eyes or others that have the trait for blue eyes. The cannot carry over the trait for say brown eyes, as that trait is not carried within their genetic make up (only green or blue).

As mentioned above genetics is complicated; normally something like eye colour would be controlled by a number of genes and not just one, making the number of possible combinations more complex to calculate.

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Q: What are dominat traits?
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