rf is must for modulation and demodulation.
RF Power stage
RF carrier waves are modulated with the data to be transmitted, typically using techniques like amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, or phase modulation. These modulated signals are then transmitted through the RF channel. To transmit large amounts of data, techniques like increasing the carrier frequency bandwidth, using more advanced modulation schemes, and implementing error correction coding can be employed to achieve higher data transmission rates over the RF carrier waves.
Velocity modulation in a klystron involves the interaction between the electron beam's velocity and the RF field to produce amplification. Current modulation, on the other hand, involves varying the electron beam's current to control the amplification of the RF signal. In summary, velocity modulation affects the electron beam's speed, while current modulation affects the electron beam's density in a klystron.
There are 3 main types of digital pulse modulation:Pulse time modulation (PTM), somewhat similar to analog phase modulation.Pulse width modulation (PWM), the width of the pulse represents the signal.Pulse code modulation (PCM), serial transmission of binary bits forming numeric or character codes that represent the signal.All of these can be modulated on an RF carrier using any of the standard modulation techniques: AM, FM, Phase Modulation, etc. One advantage with AM digital pulse modulation techniques over AM analog is that the carrier can be 100% modulated, which cannot be done with analog, thereby allowing significant reductions in transmitter power without loss of coverage range. Sometimes FM digital pulse modulation techniques are referred to as Frequency Shift Keying (FSK). A very complex method of combining Phase Modulation and AM to increase the bit density of digital pulse modulation on an RF carrier is called Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM).
There are 3 main types of digital pulse modulation:Pulse time modulation (PTM), somewhat similar to analog phase modulation.Pulse width modulation (PWM), the width of the pulse represents the signal.Pulse code modulation (PCM), serial transmission of binary bits forming numeric or character codes that represent the signal.All of these can be modulated on an RF carrier using any of the standard modulation techniques: AM, FM, Phase Modulation, etc. One advantage with AM digital pulse modulation techniques over AM analog is that the carrier can be 100% modulated, which cannot be done with analog, thereby allowing significant reductions in transmitter power without loss of coverage range. Sometimes FM digital pulse modulation techniques are referred to as Frequency Shift Keying (FSK). A very complex method of combining Phase Modulation and AM to increase the bit density of digital pulse modulation on an RF carrier is called Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM).
An unmodulated carrier carries no information, and therefore no communication is possible unless it is modulated in some way.
When modulated with a radio frequency signal, they will indeed carry information. As in fibre-optic cables. The modulation may be of the several commonly used types, amplitude, frequency, phase ... modulation.
The rf output voltage should be proportional to the signal voltage in AM. A change in the DC supply voltage should also cause a proportional change to the rf output voltage.
Frequency modulation (FM) works by taking a signal, such as an audio signal, and using it to modulate a higher frequency (Radio Frequency, RF) carrier. This modulation causes the RF to shift up and down in frequency. The RF remains relatively constant in amplitude, and its shifting frequency represents the original signal.Contrast this with Amplitude Modulation (AM) where the RF is relatively constant in frequency, but its amplitude represents the original signal.In order to recover the original signal in an FM system, the receiver must demodulate the signal by measuring the time between successive waves of the RF. In a typical broadcast band system, limitations in the the design requirements for tuning the modulated carrier and for demodulating the original signal force the tuning and demodulation to be done in different stages. Using a process known as superhetrodyning, the tuner amplifies the RF with a broad-band amplifier and mixes the RF with a local oscillator (LO) frequency, converting the RF into an intermediate frequency (IF), typically 10.7 MHz. It then passes the still modulated IF (or shifted RF) into a sharp band-pass filter, the IF stage, and removes the interference of other stations from the IF signal. It then demodulates the original signal from the IF signal.Often, the original signal contains encoded information, such as a stereo subcarrier, which is subsequently demodulated and demultiplexed in order to recover the stereo signal. The question, however, asked about frequency modulation, so the answer stops here. If further detail is required, either add it by refining the answer, or comment on the question, and I or someone will refine the answer.
none, no modulation variations occur.
A collector modulator is a type of amplitude modulation (AM) used in RF (radio frequency) transmitters, where the modulation of the carrier signal occurs in the collector circuit of a transistor. The input audio signal varies the base current, which in turn controls the collector current and voltage, resulting in variations of the output RF signal's amplitude. This modulation technique allows for efficient transmission of audio signals over radio waves, as the carrier's amplitude reflects the changes in the input signal. The collector modulator is favored for its simplicity and effectiveness in generating modulated signals.