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BOD (biological oxygen demand) is a measure of the amount of oxygen needed bymicrobes to break down the organic matter in a sample of water. DO (dissolved oxygen) is the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water.

When BOD is high, it means there's a lot of organic contaminants in the water, and the microbes are working overtime to break it down. They use up oxygen while doing this, so when BOD is high, DO is low.

When the microbes finish breaking down the organic contaminants, their numbers drop from lack of food (a lower BOD). DO usually goes back up again

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