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Energy is released during nuclear fusion and fission due to the conversion of mass into energy, as described by Einstein's equation E=mc². In fusion, lighter atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, resulting in a mass deficit that is converted into energy. In fission, a heavy nucleus splits into lighter nuclei, also producing a mass deficit and releasing energy. Both processes occur because the products have a lower total mass than the reactants, leading to the release of energy.

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