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Automation can make productivity figures misleading by increasing output without an equivalent increase in labor input, leading to inflated productivity numbers. On the other hand, labor-intensive tasks may artificially reduce productivity figures if time-consuming processes are not accounted for in the calculations. Additionally, automation can result in job displacement and lower employment rates, which may affect overall economic indicators beyond just productivity.
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Marginal productivity of labour and the demand for labour .?
Graphically illustrate and explain the relationship between marginal productivity of labour and the demand for labour .
Discuss in details of productivity and labor welfare?
oWhat is the relationship between Marginal Productivity of Labour and Labour welfare
What has the author GR Barker written?
G.R Barker has written: 'Some problems of incentives and labour productivity in Soviet industry' -- subject(s): Labour productivity
What is meant by labaur productivity and show how change in labor productivity may affect on economy production possibility curve?
When productivity changes, it affects the productive capacity of an economy. Labour, as an input in production, helps to determine total output produced. When labour productivity falls,that is ouput per labour per decreases goods then total production falls. The PPP (also known as the PPF) moves inward to represent the fewer production choices available. When labour productivity increases, the curve shifts outward to represents increased production and production choices.
How to measure productivity?
total output / units of labour or capital
What is Labor Productivity and how is it important to economic growth?
Labour productivity is defined by the OECD to be "the ratio of a volume measure of output to a volume measure of input" OECD Manual: "Measuring Productivity; Measurement of Aggregate and Industry-Level Productivity Growth. Labour productivity is important to economic growth because without it no one would be working.
What has the author Peter Otto Steiner written?
Peter Otto Steiner has written: 'Productivity' -- subject(s): Labour productivity
The change in output from hiring one additional unit of labor?
Marginal labour productivity.
What is the purpose of business software automation?
The purpose of a business software automation is to speed up the business transactions and processes in order to reduce cost, minimise labour and man power by automating the system.
What are the important points of significance of HRM?
competition; growth; technology; productivity; labour market; government laws and rules.
What has the author Clifford Frederick Pratten written?
Clifford Frederick Pratten has written: 'Labour productivity differentials within international companies' -- subject(s): Labor productivity, International business enterprises
Briefly outline the theory of marginal revenue productivity and then examine the criticisms of the theory?
Workers are needed for the output they are required to produce. We say that labour as a factor input is a derived demand. When firms see increasing demand for their products, they will need to employ extra workers and thus the demand for labour increases. Demand for labour and the market wage rate There is normally an inverse relationship between the demand for labour and the wage rate that the firm will have to pay for each additional worker. If wages are high, it is more costly to hire extra employees. When wages are lower, labour becomes cheaper than using capital equipment and it becomes more attractive and affordable for the business to take on more employees. Remember that firms are aiming to maximise profits. They will use the factor of production (labour or capital) that does the job as efficiently as possible for the lowest possible cost. Marginal Revenue Product Marginal revenue productivity (MRP) is a theory of wages where workers are paid the value of their marginal revenue product to the firm. MRP theory suggests that wage differentials result from differences in labour productivity and the value of the output that the labour input produces MRP theory is based on a competitive labour market and the theory rests on a number of key assumptions that are unlikely to exist in the real world. (In reality, most labour markets are imperfect, one of the reasons for earnings differentials between occupations) * Workers are homogeneous * Firms have no buying power when demanding workers * There are no trade unions * The productivity of each worker can be clearly measured * The supply of labour is perfectly elastic. Workers are occupationally and geographically mobile and can be hired at a constant wage rate Marginal Revenue Product (MRP) measures the change in total revenue for a firm as a result of selling the output produced by an extra worker. MRP = Marginal Physical Product x Price of Output per unit ILLUSTRATING THE LABOUR DEMAND CURVE In the left hand diagram, when there is a fall in the wage rate from W1 to W2, the firm will expand employment from E1 to E2. This is because the labour input has become relatively cheaper for a given level of productivity, compared to other inputs. A rise in the wage rate from W1 to W3 causes a contraction of labour demand. Shifts in the marginal revenue product of labour Marginal revenue productivity of labour will increase when there is (a) an increase in labour productivity and/or (b) an increase in demand for the firm's output which causes higher prices and raises the value of output produced by the workforce. The right hand diagram shows how this causes an outward shift in the labour demand curve. For a given wage rate W1, a profit maximising firm will employ more workers. Total employment in the market will rise. Problems with marginal revenue productivity theory Marginal revenue productivity cannot be used as a valid basis for discussing labour demand for all types of workers. In many cases it is hard to objectively measure productivity because no physical output is produced by the workforce. Even if productivity can be measured, the output produced may not be sold at a market price. This makes it hard to place an exact valuation on the output of each extra worker. In other examples, wages may be set independently of the state of labour demand. Public sector workers may have their pay set directly by government. Marginal revenue product is useful in explaining the demand for labour in many occupations. But for a fuller explanation of wage determination and the existence and persistence of wage differentials, we must focus more on the supply side of individual labour markets.
