What does marx mean by the circuits c-m-c to m-c-m?

Answer 1

C-M-C describes the process where one sells a commodity in exchange for a certain amount of money in order to buy another commodity, selling in order to buy. M-C-M describes the process of buying in order to sell where one buys a commodity in order to sell it again. Though Marx said that there would be no point to this unless you wound up with more money than you initially started with and so the correct formula for actually happens (or at least should happen for the capitalist) is M-C-M'. The ' or "prime" represents the value obtained by the capitalist in the buying-in-order-to-sell process.

Answer 2

In the circuit C-M-C, commodities (C) are exchanged for money (M), which is then used to acquire different commodities. This represents a transaction based on use value. In contrast, the circuit M-C-M represents money being used to purchase commodities in order to create more money through profit, reflecting capital accumulation driven by exchange value.