He describes that all of civilized Human history has been a struggle in which the average person or "Bourgeois" is enslaved and oppressed by the rich/controlling rulers, such as an Monarchy.
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Karl Marx viewed history as a series of class struggles, with the underlying drive being the pursuit of economic power and control. He believed that history is shaped by the conflicts between the dominant ruling class (bourgeoisie) and the oppressed working class (proletariat), ultimately leading to a revolution that would bring about a classless society. Marx saw history as a progression towards greater equality and social justice.