What is a linewidth?

How do I plot lines with different line widths?

Return the two “Line” objects as an output argument from the “plot” function and then set the “LineWidth” property for each. Use the “hold on” command to plot the two lines separately. Specify the line width by setting the “LineWidth” property to a name-value pair.

What has the author Carol F Vezzetti written?

Carol F. Vezzetti has written: 'Bright-chromium linewidth standard, SRM 476, for calibration of optical microscope linewidth measuring systems' -- subject(s): Calibration, Chromium, Design and construction, Integrated circuits, Masks, Measurement, Microscope and microscopy, Microscopes, Microscopy, Optical measurements, Spectra, Standards

Parameter which boarding the spectral line?

The parameter governing the width of a spectral line is known as the linewidth. This can be influenced by various factors such as the natural broadening due to the uncertainty principle, Doppler broadening from thermal motion of particles, and pressure broadening from collisions with neighboring atoms or molecules. The linewidth provides information about the physical conditions of the emitting source, such as temperature, density, and pressure.

What has the author S L Palfrey written?

S. L. Palfrey has written: 'Monolithic narrow-linewidth InGaAsP semiconductor laser for coherent optical communications' -- subject(s): Semiconductor lasers, Laser communication systems

How you can convert an electrical signal into an optical signal?

electrical signal can be converted to an optical sigal by using a LED or SOA(semiconductor optical amplifier). LED is the cheaper option but have the drawback of larger linewidth. Typically used for LAN (local area network). SOA produces an optical signal mostly by direct modulation tecnique .

Are spectral width and half width same?

Spectral width and half width are related but not the same. Spectral width typically refers to the overall range of frequencies or wavelengths over which a spectral line or feature is observed. Half width, specifically the full width at half maximum (FWHM), measures the width of a spectral feature at half its maximum intensity and is often used to quantify the linewidth of a peak in spectroscopy.

What is power broadening in lasers?

Power broadening is an effect whereby the line-width of a laser is broadened by the laser intensity itself. Higher laser intensity leads to a larger line-width. This can be explained by considering the decay rate of atoms from the upper to lower laser level. As the laser intensity increases, this decay rate (which is linearly related to the line-width) increases due to stimulated emission.

Why electrical pumping is using for gas laser?

gas lasers do not usually lend themselves to lamp pumping because the absorption lines are typically much narrower than the usual broadband emission of the lamp. Electrical pumping of gas lasers ,on the other hand can be a fairly efficient process because the linewidth of excitation cross section of a given transition by electron impact is usually quite large

What is an ion laser beam?

an ion laser beam could be a weapon.an ion is a positivly charged atom with 1 (or more) positive protons.an ion laser beam takes positive particals and STRONLY high density packs the in to a beam.to destroy it aims at one cirtin area blasts it with positive particals at a velocity of almost the speed of light then HEATS it up and ZAPS it.the only thing that I think can stop a I.L.B is a powerful negetive magntan anion could be a beam to.it is negetive(no proton only electron

What is bandwidth?

Bandwidth has several related meanings: * Bandwidth (computing) or digital bandwidth: a rate of data transfer, throughput or bit rate, measured in bits per second * Bandwidth (signal processing) or analog bandwidth, frequency bandwidth or radio bandwidth: a measure of the width of a range of frequencies, measured in hertz * Spectral linewidth: the width of an atomic or molecular spectral line, measured in hertz Bandwidth can also refer to: * Bandwidth (linear algebra), the width of the band of nonzero terms around the diagonal of a matrix * In kernel density estimation, "bandwidth" describes the width of the convolution kernel used * A normative expected range of linguistic behavior in language expectancy theory * In business jargon, the resources needed to complete a task or project * Bandwidth (radio program): A Canadian radio program In bandwidth is defined a frequency span - the difference between a high frequency and a lower frequency.

How is he-ne laser superior to ruby laser?

Helium neon laser is better than ruby laser or most of the four level lasers are better than three level lasers due to the following reasons: The laser output is continuous in the case of helium-neon laser. But it is in the form of pulse in the ruby laser. Ruby laser requires high power pumping source, whereas Helium-neon laser requires low power pumping source like electric discharge. Efficiency of helium-neon laser is more than ruby laser. The defects due to crystalline imperfections are also present in the ruby laser. But it is not so in the helium-neon laser.

Can you give me an example of discussion text?

This is an example of a discussion text: It is possible that aliens have been beaming high-power relatively wide-band signals towards Earth in the visible or near visible region of the spectrum for some considerable period of time, only that we have been looking at the wrong wavelengths, totally oblivious to what is out there in the optical region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Present microwave SETI systems assume sub-hertz to a few kilohertz type bandwidths. However, the potential of optical SETI is that in order to facilitate the maximum efficiency in very significly important fancy fantastic crazy hot burningcool baybeee data, the bandwidths employed may be quite large. Indeed, it is possible that slow-scan or real-time TV type signals occupying bandwidths of about 0.1 to several MHz are being sent, as these signals would be the easiest to interpret. Such high data rates would be possible if the laser transmitting power is increased from 1 kW to 100 kW, or even 1 MW. This power level would not be unreasonable for a society only slightly more technically advanced than our own, and most alien technical civilizations (if they exist) will be far more advanced. Thus, most Microwave SETI approaches may be misguided in looking for the odd "bits/second" - rather we should be looking for powerful and fast data streams! After all, if you wished to upload or download, depending on one's perspective, vast amounts of information concerning one's civilization, culture and history, would you only "speak" at a bit/second if you had the means to speak faster! Note that in high power Optical SETI systems, high bandwidths tend to be preferred because of laser linewidth and Doppler shift considerations. Since linewidth is inversely proportional to laser oscillator power, high power transmitting lasers will tend to have very narrow linewidths. The receiver's local oscillator, if its the same type of laser, will inherently have a greater linewidth. Continuous Wave (CW) powers in the gigawatt levels may be possible for an advanced civilization, which would produce an EIRP > 2 x 1024 W, and allow data rates approaching a GHz to be achieved over 10 light years. At this power level, which is about two orders of magnitude less energy than leaves our Sun through every square meter of its surface every second, the effective Apparent Stellar Magnitude of the signal at 10 L.Y. is about +8, still too low to be seen by the naked eye. We assume of course, that the alien civilization has the means to construct laser transmitters of such power without incurring mirror damage due to the very high flux densities. Note that other, more sophisticated modulation schemes, e.g., frequency, pulse or digital, could be employed to increase the signal-to-noise ratio levels by exchanging bandwidth for SNR. Since the SNR is inversely proportional to the square of the distance, directed communications up to 1000 light years distance should be possible if one has the patience for a reply! This range encompasses over one million solar type stars. Alternatively, instead of using the extra laser power to increase the data rate in any particular direction in space, the laser could be time and space multiplexed. A powerful alien laser transmitter with a scanning mirror system (or other means) might be able to address many likely star systems (or spaceships/probes) in a time sequential manner, thereby increasing the likelihood that its signal will be received by at least one technical civilization. The multiplexing aspect may be another reason why optical communications would be preferred. It is even possible that we might intercept communications not meant for us (eavesdropping mode), i.e., communications between other advanced civilizations or between such a civilization and an exploration space-ship in our region of the galaxy. In such a situation, the format of the transmission may be such that we might not be able to decode it or even realize that it was there. Of course, in the centuries to come, other modes of communication may be discovered and developed that are more efficient than the electromagnetic spectrum and even perhaps faster - the "sub-light" mode of communications which is the boon to so many science fiction writers! The 10.6 µm wavelength of a carbon dioxide laser seems a reasonable wavelength to search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (ETI) if only because of the relatively plentiful supply of CO2 in the planetary atmospheres supporting life, and the high efficiency and narrow linewidth of the laser. Unless dynamic receiving mirrors are used, wavefront distortion due to atmospheric turbulence requires that even the receiving telescope must be operated outside a planetary atmosphere. In this case, the argument that a visible laser wavelength must be employed because of the atmospheric window would not be tenable. However, not withstanding these comments, the potentially higher gain of a visible laser system, for a given telescope size at both ends of the link, might be attractive as to dictate operation in the visible region of the spectrum. In the light of these findings, the author is even more perplexed that Optical SETI has investigation using the technology to see out there.