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There are several kinds of brakes: disk, drums, cables wrapped around axels, shoes on wheels, and many more. Aircraft typically use disk and multi-disks (stacks of rotor and stator disks). What happens in brakes is interesting. The kinetic energy of the airplane when it touches down is almost entirely absorbed by the materials (shoes and disks) and turned into thermal energy. Thus the materials of the brakes must be very high temperature AND have high heat capacity. Racecars often use carbon-carbon breaks. Brakes often glow red hot in use.

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