engine oil turns black when oil mixes with the carbon from normal combustion inside the engine. this process eventually changes the viscosity of the oil and keeps it from flowing through and lubricating the motor properly.
It is possible to overfill an engine with oil. It can cause some damage, but mainly it will decrease power and fuel economy because the crankshaft is turning through the oil which adds resistance to the engine.
The oil pump is driven by the distributor shaft, so it's turning whenever the engine is turning.
Baffle plates are used in oil pans to keep the oil near the pick up tube during hard: turning/braking/acceleration. If there wasn't any the oil would all go to 1 side turning a hard turn and the engine would be starved of oil and cause engine damage.
All oil turns black over time. Most of the black comes from small particles that are trapped in the oil. Also, carbon from the incomplete combustion of gasoline is held in the oil. It is impossible to get all of the oil out of an engine unless the engine is taken apart and cleaned. This left over "dirty" oil can cause new oil to darken.
Too much oil can cause the spark plugs to get fouled enough not be able to ignite the fuel and the engine will flood. Too much oil will not keep an engine from "turning over', but the overly fouled plugs can certainly prevent it from starting.
Oil contains detergents that clean your engine and suspend soot, deposits, & dirt in the oil. The air and oil filters remove most of the larger particles but some get in the engine and stay suspended in the oil which causes it to turn black. Oil is not only a lubricant and helps cool the engine, but it also keeps the engine clean.
Oil leaks will not cause an engine to heat or to seize. A lack of oil will cause it to get hot and seize which is caused by not checking the oil level and adding as necessary to keep it full. As long as the engine has the proper amount of oil it will run just fine. The leaks may cause a mess, waste of oil and money, but they will cause no damage to the engine.
The same thing that makes ALL engine oil black. -Engines, especially jet engines have many finely engineered metal surfaces rotating against each other. -All that is between those speedily turning and tight fitting surfaces is engine oil ! -Friction is inevitable - so high oil pressure or oil with polymers is very necessary. In many parts of your engine, minute particles are burnt and carried away rapidly by the oil, - some is caught in the filter - some is invariably too small and so mixes with the oil and turns it black. -This is why we do frequent oil and filter changes.
No, it will not cause the engine to stop but it will cause internal engine damage if it is overfilled to the point that the crankshaft makes contact with the oil in the oil pan. This will cause cavitation and will cause air to be mixed with the oil creating a froth. This air mixed with the oil is a poor lubricant and will cause internal engine wear to all bearing and moving parts. Drain out all excess oil immediately.
Several things can cause an engine to burn oil, and all of them are pretty normal in an engine with lots of miles. Oil control rings are often a problem. They are on the piston and while they can be replaced, you'd be better off buying a new engine. Other things that can cause an engine to burn oil are valve seals (common) and valve guides (uncommon). If you have a high mileage engine, I wouldn't worry unless you have a big cloud of black smoke coming out the exhaust. Best thing you can do is just check the oil often.
The engine may be low on oil, when you make a turn the oil pickup tube sucks air and the oil pressure drops. Check the gauges when the light comes on, one of them is out of range.
No, but a lot more oil can cause other damage.