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Damage is only done if the motor is an "interference" design. ie the valves and the pistons overlap in the same place, only kept from colliding by the timing chain. When the timing chain breaks on a interference design, valves and pistons smash together. If it's not an interference design, the pistons and valve won't come into contact if the timing chain breaks, so odds are no internal damage done.

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Q: Do you need a new engine if the timing chain breaks on your 1994 Ford Courier?
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