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"External combustion engine" almost always means a steam engine. There are two kinds.

Reciprocating steam engines have a boiler to make steam, a piston assembly for the steam to act against, and a flywheel for the piston assembly to turn. The first steam engines were "single acting" engines. You introduce steam into the piston assembly. When it reaches the bottom of its travel, the rotating flywheel forces the piston back to the top. This is how single-cylinder internal combustion engines work. That's not efficient because you rely on mechanical inertia to make the engine work, so someone invented the "double acting" engine. The piston assembly has two pistons in it. When the piston on the left side reaches the bottom of its stroke the one on the right has reached the top of its, and a valve switches the steam from the left piston to the right one. This is far more efficient, and it's how any internal combustion engine with more than one cylinder works. To get useful work out of this thing, you put a big drive belt around the flywheel.

Steam turbines are a lot like jet engines, except that jet engines don't have boilers. There are two kinds of turbine wheels, and every steam turbine contains both types. One kind has blades that you shoot steam against. The other kind has nozzles that steam shoots out of. The guy who invented this motor knew the first wheel wouldn't use all the energy in the steam, so he captured the steam used on the first wheel to drive a second, and he kept going until all the usable energy had been extracted from the steam. The shaft of the steam turbine directly drives the load.

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