You can put a volt meter across the battery terminals, if it is working you should have 12.6 or more volts. Some alternators will not charge is voltage is too low however. You can always have it tested, some autoparts shops can test it while it is still installed on your truck. Auto Zone in my local area offers this service free of charge.
If your battery doesn't hold a charge while running then your alternator is bad
let the car run and then pull the negative battery cable off. if the car stalls, the alternator is bad! do you know where the bank 1 o2 sensor 2 is?
water pump or seal gone bad
the light comes on when the alternator is bad or your regulator has gone bad. some regulators are built into the computer.
Auto Zone will check your alternator for free...
Turn car on remove positive battery terminal if car turns off alternator is bad
When your battery does not get charge.
Typically you know your alternator is out when you have to jump start your car numerous times. A way you can test it is by turning on your car and while it's running discount the + terminal. If the car turns off then your alternator is bad. If the car remains in then alternator is good and possible bad battery. Hope this helps
If it is makeing a noise or is not putting out at least 13.5 volts it is bad. Take the car or the alternator to an Auto Parts store and have them load test the alternator to be sure.
You know when french onion dip has gone bad because it has water on the top.
If you question the condition of your alternator, drive to your local auto parts store and they will test the charging system for you at no cost.
when it does not work