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Depends on how complex you want to get and what type of oil (engine, hydraulic, transmission, etc), but basically :


Viscosity vs standard range (40°C/100°C/VI)

Appearance

Odour

Oxidation by IR

Fuel Dilution - either by GC or flashpoint

Wear metals - AAS / ICP

Water - "crackle test"/ Karl Fischer / IR or "Dean & Stark" distillation

Particulates - filtration, hexane insolubles or IR

Residual TBN (Total Base Number) for engine oils or TAN (Total Acid Number) as an indicator of oxidation in hydraulic oils

Demulsibility (the oil's ability to separate water) - Turbine oils

Unsulphonatable residue - Medicinal White Oils and some agricultural oils

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