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Acceleration of a mousetrap vehicle occurs because potential energy in the tensed spring is converted to kinetic energy (energy of motion) as the spring relaxes.

There are two basic forms of mousetrap vehicle, those which release the spring suddenly, and those which release it gradually. Those that release the spring suddenly generally have the quickly moving spring impact an object, commonly the track, which accelerates the vehicle forwards. Those that release the spring gradually often use the spring energy to cause drive wheels to turn, which also accelerates the vehicle.

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