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The EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) directs exhaust gasses into the engine's combustion chamber via the intake manifold. The exhaust gasses are inert (do not support combustion) and displace oxygen that would normally be drawn into the engine during the intake stroke. Think of the engine as a vacuum pump and can only draw in a fixed amount of oxygen to be mixed with the fuel for ignition. The reason that exhaust gasses are drawn into the combustion chamber is to cool the exhaust. With less Oxygen in the fuel mixture the flame burns cooler and cooler exhaust temperatures result in lower NOX (oxides of nitrogen) emissions.

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