Power is produced by the expanding gasses that have been ignited. These force the piston down. To maximise this power the ignition (spark with a petrol engine, injection with a diesel engine) it is timed to occur just before top dead centre of the compression stroke (upwards), when the air is at its maximum density.
Intake stroke
Both the distributor and the camshaft must be timed to the top of the piston stroke. * The camshaft controls the valve operation, and valves must be timed to open only when there will be optimum gas flow (both air/fuel mixture during the intake and exhaust gas flow during the exhaust cycle) * The distributor (or whatever other ignition timing scheme is used) must be timed to fire at the top of the compression stroke so that the engine will extract the most usable power from the combustion process. Note that ignition timing is dynamic, meaning that ignition timing changes as the torque and speed demands change.
Compression and ignition
ignition, compression , stroke, exhaust.
Two strokes have two cycles the piston go through intake/compression and ignition/exhaust where four strokes have four separate piston cycles intake compression ignition and exhaust.
A four stroke engine requires the piston to travel up and down a total of 4 times to complete one full combustion process. The 4 strokes are: intake, compression, power (ignition), exhaust. And the intake and exhaust valves are timed accordingly. A two stroke engine fires ever other stroke and uses ports for intake and exhaust (no valve train)
induction, compression, ignition & exhaust on a typical 4-stroke,.
compression and ignition
Near the end of the compression stroke in a compression ignition engine, the piston reaches the top dead center (TDC), and the air within the cylinder is at a high temperature and pressure. At this point, fuel is injected into the highly compressed and heated air, causing it to ignite spontaneously due to the high temperature. This ignition leads to a rapid increase in pressure, driving the piston down during the power stroke.
During the compression stroke in an internal combustion engine, the piston moves upward, compressing the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. This compression increases the pressure and temperature of the mixture, preparing it for ignition.
At the end of the compression stroke. That's one of the jobs of the crank sensor.
Top dead center (TDC) refers to the position of a piston at the highest point in its cylinder. It can occur at the end of both the compression stroke and the exhaust stroke, depending on the engine cycle. During the compression stroke, the piston moves upward toward TDC, compressing the air-fuel mixture before ignition. Therefore, TDC is not exclusively the compression stroke; it is a position that can be reached at different points in the engine cycle.