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Most typically it is due to an obstruction in the discharge piping, or air collecting in the top of the pump. Less obvious would be interstage seal leakage, casing leakage, low pressure seal leakage or suction line air induction. Or if a cross connected labyrinth ring is used in the stuffing box this line could have gotten plugged, allowing air to seep in. Improperly positioned suction head could also reduce output, for hot feedwater applications, a D/A or feed tank should be positioned to maintain a positive pressure sufficient enough to prevent steam flashing in the eye of the pump. Seal rings on the impellers could be worn as well.

Check to make sure the suction and discharge valves are fully open, calculate the suction head and compare it to the needed suction head to prevent steam flashing, (Pressure/temperature columns in the steam tables). For instance a 250 F water temperature requires a suction head of, at least, +80 feet ( 20 psig) to prevent flashing. If the suction pressure is too low, increase it or cool the water to a reasonable temperature.

Open the casing vent slowly to expel any air in the pump. If this doesn't work, check for leakage or damaged pump parts, this may require disassembly.

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