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The problem with under-inflating a tire is that it overheats and shortens its life drastically. It may be OK if you're drag racing but, for running around town and going up the motorway it's not a good idea.

This is a more complicated affect than it might first appear. Decreasing the air pressure in the tires of a car that is stuck in mud, or soft sand can increase the traction because more tire comes into contact with the mud or sand. This is qualified however, since driving with under inflated air pressure causes the tire to "roll" making the car unstable. Tread design, as well as material also interact with the optimal tire pressure. This, in turn, depends upon the type of vehicle and type of driving. For example, a car, an 18 wheeler truck, a race car, and a dragster have very different tire designs and optimal air pressures.

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