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A module is a processor/monitor. It recieves inputs from sensors and switches and performs or controls outputs based on what criteria it is programmed to perform. The reason that there is a module is that it controls many functions and typically has a way of being or self diagnosing itself. Modules eliminate a lot of additional wires due to the way computers communicate between each other, example, when the lf window switch is switched to the down position, the switch send a binary signal on one wire to the module, the module internal processor interprets the down signal and sends power and ground out on two circuits to the window motor. At the same time the lf lock switch is applied, which is a one wire ckt to the module, the module processor sees the hi or low side voltage and sends reverse polarity to the lock actuator. In both cases, the module, which has power and ground wired to it to perform functions, sends power and ground to specific outputs that years ago would have needed to be hardwired directly. Also when the vehicle has a concern, the tech can at times receive a code and continue with diagnostics based on the trouble code that the scan tool indicates. In certain vehicles the module has a self diagnostic system programmed into the software that allows the tech to diagnose without a scan tool. Hope this is simple enough to understand, would be easier to show with schematic of old vehicle and new vehicle and in person. Good Luck!
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