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Well, like the name implies, it compresses. It creates the pressure by which the refrigerant (and also the compressor oil) flows through the AC system. Refrigerant enters the compressor as a low pressure vapor, and is compressed into a high pressure vapor. In the process, this heats up the refrigerant, which is important as air conditioning works through a heat exchange. This high pressure vapor travels to the condenser, where the heat which has been absorbed by the refrigerant is exchanged rapidly to the ambient air through the fins in the condenser.

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