coefficient of drag in 0 lift
For cylinders coefficient of lift is approximately half of coefficient of drag while they are equal for Aerofoils.
The flow over an airfoil affects its lift and drag characteristics by creating differences in air pressure above and below the airfoil. This pressure difference generates lift, which is the force that allows an aircraft to stay airborne. The flow also creates drag, which is the resistance that opposes the motion of the aircraft. The shape and angle of the airfoil, as well as the speed and density of the air, all play a role in determining the lift and drag forces acting on the airfoil.
The zero lift drag coefficient of a Boeing 747 is approximately 0.022. This value represents the drag force experienced by the aircraft when it is not generating lift.
The maximum lift coefficient of a NACA-4412 airfoil is typically around 1.4 to 1.5 in ideal conditions. This value can vary depending on factors such as angle of attack, Reynolds number, and airfoil surface condition.
Lift is important because it is the force that enables an aircraft to overcome gravity and stay airborne. Drag is important because it opposes the forward motion of the aircraft, affecting its speed and fuel efficiency. Both lift and drag play a crucial role in determining the performance and aerodynamic characteristics of an airfoil.
For no lift, The induced drag will be zero. However, there will still be drag due to viscous forces and pressure forces.
0.032
The zero lift angle of an airfoil, also known as the angle of attack at which the lift coefficient is zero, can be determined experimentally or through theoretical analysis. Experimentally, it is found by plotting the lift coefficient against the angle of attack and identifying the angle where the lift coefficient crosses zero. Theoretically, it can be estimated using the airfoil's camber and shape characteristics, often involving complex calculations or computational fluid dynamics simulations. Additionally, for symmetric airfoils, the zero lift angle is typically at zero degrees angle of attack, while for cambered airfoils, it will be at a negative angle.
The shape of an airfoil significantly influences its aerodynamic properties, including lift and drag. A cambered airfoil, with a curved upper surface and flatter lower surface, generates more lift at lower speeds compared to a symmetrical airfoil. Additionally, the angle of attack affects how effectively an airfoil can manipulate airflow, altering lift characteristics. Overall, the design and contour of the airfoil are crucial for optimizing performance in various flying conditions.
Simply because it's the shape that can move through air causing the least amount of disturbances. Other shapes set off more small vortices which increase drag(= making it harder to push the item through the air) than the airfoil shape does.
In 1939, Eastman Jacobs at the NACA in Langley, designed and tested the first laminar flow airfoil sections. These shapes had extremely low drag and the section shown here achieved a lift to drag ratio of about 300.