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Not sure what you mean by 'grooves' but if you're talking about the ring grooves circumferentially around the sides of the piston, they are intended to locate and position the rings.

Rings are the devices that attempt to form a seal around the piston and cylinder to contain the pressure generated by combustion. Since the size of the piston as well as the cylinder changes with changes in temperature the seal must be of a variable circumference. It must also be able to change as it moves up and down the cylinder which will vary in circumference from top to bottom (machining is not perfect and wear changes circumference as well). The ring is elastic and expands/contracts into and out of the ring groove to accommodate these differences in circumference from one part of the cylinder to another.

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