First of all, you don't use R12. Rather, R134 which has the oil included.
If you mix r12 with r134 air conditioning system, it will cause a high pressure in your airconditioning system and eventually damage the compressor and the evaporator. R12 is only for r12 aircon and something with r134, it can't be mix.
Why would you want to even consider doing this? R12 is no longer in production and as such it cost almost 4 times as much as R134. But to answer your question, use R12 in a R134 system and you will destroy the compressor as the oil is not compatible with R134 oil.
no you can't. you must have the r12 removed and compressor oil then the valves need to have adapters installed so you can recharge the system no, but there are replacement freons (hot shot 414B) that can be added safely, after you empty the r12, and perform as the 12 did
Yes!
No, the real problem is the R12 oil is not compatible with 134A. The compressor will fail sooner rather than later. I recomend that you use a drop in compatable kit if you are doing this your self. If a shop is doing this they will want to flush you system, change the compressor oil and change the reciver drier. This is the expensive, but reliable way.
No you don't have to change the A/C Compressor.
if your uing air tools on the compressor then you will put one or two drops directly into the inlet where you connect the compressor hose
You can't simply put R134a into an R12 system. You'd have to, at a minimum, change the hose connections and change the oil to PAG. the proper method to retro fit involves adding new charge port adapters, changing the oil in the compressor, and replacing the drier/accumulator. I know a lot of mechanics who do nothing more than add the port adapters and shoot in some extra pag oil.
You would have to replace the orifice tube, accumulator or receiver-drier (which one you have depends on what type of AC system you have), as well as remove all of the R12 refrigerant, and you'd have to replace the compressor oil with PAG.
Mineral oil is used with all R12 systems.
Yes if the compressor has oil in it, drain it out and measure what comes out. A good general rule is about 3-5 oz to put in the new compressor. Make sure to put it directly in the suction side(low side) of the compressor and turn it about 10 times .
You should not put any oil in a Ford air conditioning compressor. The air conditioning compressor runs on Freon. The system should take about one pound of Freon.