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In an engine, the piston's go up and the valve's that are adjacent to that piston go up. When the piston goes down the adjacent valves go down. This is achieved by the timing belt or chain and the engine timing being set correctly.

If the belt or chain breaks, the pistons still go up and down, but the valve's stop moving. On a non clearance engine, the piston will go up and hit the valves, resulting in bent valves and a now needed head job.

In a clearance engine, the top of the piston has an inset cut into it that is just enough room to avoid hitting the valves.

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16y ago

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