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Jade is an ornamental gem that is known for its bright emerald green color. Jade is rare, documented in fewer than 12 places worldwide. Color variations are even rarer, but jade also have known to appear blue, lavender-mauve, and pink. Jade is often confused with Nephrite (N page), and has about the same hardness as quartz: 6.5 - 7 on the Mohs scale of hardness.

The word jade came from the Spanish phrase piedra de ijada, or "loin stone", for it can cure ailments of the loins and kidneys.

Jade was used for hardstone carving in the prehistoric periods. Prehistoric artifacts made from jade are simple ornaments such as beads and buttons. Jade was used as axe heads, knives, and other weapons that needed a hard, sharp, and carveable stone. Then, when metal-working technologies became available, the green beauty of jade made it a valuable ornament and decorative object. Because of its hardness, it can be worked with quartz or garnet sand, and polished with bamboo.

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