Each time a gamete is formed, one allele from each gene (i.e. either A or a) is included.
This means for an individual with AaBbCc, there are 8 different gametes:
ABC
ABc
AbC
Abc
aBC
abC
aBc
abc
An individual with the genotype Aa can produce two types of gametes: one carrying the A allele and one carrying the a allele. This individual will produce equal numbers of gametes with the A allele and gametes with the a allele due to Mendel's law of segregation.
The plant with genotype GGKk can produce two types of gametes: GK and Gk. This is because each parent contributes one allele per gene to the offspring, resulting in a total of four possible gametes when considering two different genes.
A heterozygous genotype (e.g. Aa) is not true-breeding because it carries two different alleles for a trait and can produce offspring with different genotypes when crossed. True-breeding genotypes are homozygous for a particular trait (e.g. AA or aa) and will consistently produce offspring with the same genotype when crossed.
Yes. Remember that a heterozygote can produce two types of gametes. In this case, the unknown would produce gametes with the dominant allele A or the recessive allele a. The homozygous recessive would still only produce one kind gamete, with the recessive a allele. Therefore, we expect to see only two genotypes in the F1, Aa and aa, in equal proportions.
In this case neither Pete nor Jack can be the father. A baby inherits one allele from each of its parents. This means that it will receive one G or g and one B or b from each parent. If Pete only has gb gametes - (meaning his genotype is ggbb) - then it is not possible for him to give a B to the baby. The same goes for Jack, whose gametes are Gb (meaning his genotype is GGbb). Neither of these men have a B - which means that they cannot be the father. The father would have to have BB or Bb for his child to have the genotype BB.
2 can
The possible gametes produced by an individual with the genotype Ww will be W and w.
An individual with the genotype Aa can produce two types of gametes: one carrying the A allele and one carrying the a allele. This individual will produce equal numbers of gametes with the A allele and gametes with the a allele due to Mendel's law of segregation.
Literally millions of different gametes. That is why each individual is unique.
Four can be formed RY, Ry, rY and ry.
An organism with the genotype TtSs can normally make TS, Ts, tS and ts.
The plant with genotype GGKk can produce two types of gametes: GK and Gk. This is because each parent contributes one allele per gene to the offspring, resulting in a total of four possible gametes when considering two different genes.
A pea plant with the genotype GgTt can produce 4 types of gametes: GT, Gt, gT, and gt. This is based on the principle of independent assortment where different gene pairs segregate independently of each other during gamete formation.
A heterozygous genotype (e.g. Aa) is not true-breeding because it carries two different alleles for a trait and can produce offspring with different genotypes when crossed. True-breeding genotypes are homozygous for a particular trait (e.g. AA or aa) and will consistently produce offspring with the same genotype when crossed.
4 The reason why the answer is 4 is because 2 of the pairs are heterozygous. When calculating possible gametes you take the number of heterozygous pairs and multiply them by each other (or raise 2 to the power equal to the number of heterozygous pairs you have). Therefore, since there are 2 heterozygous pairs in this genotype you multiply 2x2 (or 2^2).
Yes. Remember that a heterozygote can produce two types of gametes. In this case, the unknown would produce gametes with the dominant allele A or the recessive allele a. The homozygous recessive would still only produce one kind gamete, with the recessive a allele. Therefore, we expect to see only two genotypes in the F1, Aa and aa, in equal proportions.
In this case neither Pete nor Jack can be the father. A baby inherits one allele from each of its parents. This means that it will receive one G or g and one B or b from each parent. If Pete only has gb gametes - (meaning his genotype is ggbb) - then it is not possible for him to give a B to the baby. The same goes for Jack, whose gametes are Gb (meaning his genotype is GGbb). Neither of these men have a B - which means that they cannot be the father. The father would have to have BB or Bb for his child to have the genotype BB.