Dehydration
When water output exceeds intake over a period of time and the body is in negative fluid balance, the result is dehydration. Dehydration is a common sequel to hemorrhage, severe burns, prolonged vomiting or diarrhea, profuse sweating, water deprivation, and diuretic abuse. Dehydration may also be caused by endocrine disturbances, such as Diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus. Early signs and symptoms of dehydration include a "cottony" or sticky oral mucosa, thirst, dry flushed skin, and decreased urine output(oliguria). If prolonged, dehydration may lead to weight loss, fever, and mental confusion. Another serious consequence of water loss from plasma is inadequate blood volume to maintain normal circulation and ensuing hypovolemic shock.
In all these situations, water is lost from the ECF). This is followed by the osmotic movement of water from the cells into the ECF, which equalizes the osmolality of the extracellular and intracellular fluids even though the total fluid volume has been reduced. Though the overall effect is called dehydration, it rarely involves only a water deficit, because most often electrolytes are lost as well.
Hypotonic Hydration
When the ECF osmolality starts to drop (usually this reflects a deficit of Na+), several compensatory mechanisms are set into motion. ADH release is inhibited, and as a result, less water is reabsorbed and excess water is quickly flushed from the body in urine. But, when there is renal insufficiency or when an extraordinary amount of water is drunk very quickly, a type of cellular overhydration called hypotonic hydration may occur. In either case, the ECF is diluted-its sodium content is normal, but excess water is present. Thus, the hallmark of this condition is hyponatremia (low ECF Na+), which promotes net osmosis into the tissue cells, causing them to swell as they become abnormally hydrated. This leads to severe metabolic disturbances evidenced by nausea, vomiting, muscular cramping, and cerebral edema. Hypotonic hydration is particularly damaging to neurons. Uncorrected cerebral edema quickly leads to disorientation, convulsions, coma, and death. Sudden and severe hyponatremia (as in overhydrated athletes) is treated by intravenous administration of hypertonic saline to reverse the osmotic gradient and "pull" water out of the cells.
Edema
Edema (ĕ-de′mah; "a swelling") is an atypical accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space, leading to tissue swelling. Edema may be caused by any event that steps up the flow of fluid out of the blood or hinders its return.
Factors that accelerate fluid loss from the blood include increases in capillary hydrostatic pressure and permeability. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure can result from incompetent venous valves, localized blood vessel blockage, congestive heart failure, or high blood volume. Whatever the cause, the abnormally high capillary hydrostatic pressure intensifies filtration at the capillary beds.
Increased capillary permeability is usually due to an ongoing inflammatory response. Recall that inflammatory chemicals cause local capillaries to become very porous, allowing large amounts of exudate (containing not only clotting proteins but also other plasma proteins, nutrients, and immune elements) to form.
Edema caused by hindered fluid return to the blood usually reflects an imbalance in the colloid osmotic pressures on the two sides of the capillary membranes. For example,hypoproteinemia (hi″po-pro″te- Ä-ne′me-ah), a condition of unusually low levels of plasma proteins, results in tissue edema because protein-deficient plasma has an abnormally low colloid osmotic pressure. Fluids are forced out of the capillary beds at the arterial ends by blood pressure as usual, but fail to return to the blood at the venous ends. Thus, the interstitial spaces become congested with fluid. Hypoproteinemia may result from protein malnutrition, liver disease, or glomerulonephritis(in which plasma proteins pass through "leaky" renal filtration membranes and are lost in urine).
Although the cause differs, the result is the same when lymphatic vessels are blocked or have been surgically removed. The small amounts of plasma proteins that seep out of the bloodstream are not returned to the blood as usual. As the leaked proteins accumulate in the IF, they exert an ever-increasing colloid osmotic pressure, which draws fluid from the blood and holds it in the interstitial space. Because excess fluid in the interstitial space increases the distance nutrients and oxygen must diffuse between the blood and the cells, edema can impair tissue function. However, the most serious problems resulting from edema affect the cardiovascular system. When fluid leaves the bloodstream and accumulates in the interstitial space, both blood volume and blood pressure decline and the efficiency of the circulation can be severely impaired.
Osmoregulation is the term used to describe an animal's ability to survive if the cells are exposed to a hypotonic or hypertonic environment. This process helps maintain the balance of water and ions within the animal's cells to ensure their survival.
Dehydration synthesis is when two molecules are chained together and a water molecule is ejected from the coupling. A hydrolysis reaction is when a water molecule is split and the coupling between two molecules is also split. Dehydration synthesis is the reverse reaction of hydrolysis, and vice versa.
The terms associated with this phenomenon can be quite difficult to get the grasp of for some reason or another to all students. The best way I can describe this is by starting with the solution. By definition of a solution you have a solute and a solvent. The solute is the substance with the lesser concentration. ( e.g. if you have a solution of Salt Water The NaCl (table salt) is dissolved into the H2O( water) since the Salt is being dissolved it is the solute. If you have 2 solutions of salt water Solution A : 10% salt; 90% Water Solution B : 30% salt and 70% water. The two solutions are obiviouslty not equal in proprtion (if they were they would be Isotonic [ equal concentration amounts of water in both solutions]) A Hypertonic Solution Means that it has a higher concentration of solute then the solution in comparison. in this case the solution B would be hypertonic to Solution A. This because the Solute concentration is higher in B than A. Solution B is the hypotonic to solution A because it has a lower concentration of solute. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration so since Solution B has a lower concentration of water Solution A will pass water into it going from hypotonic to hypertonic.
The term used to describe a group of tortoises is "a creep."
Bowel movements are the body's way of getting rid of waste from the digestive system. When food is digested, the nutrients are absorbed and the remaining waste travels through the intestines. Muscles in the intestines push the waste towards the rectum, where it is stored until it is ready to be expelled from the body as a bowel movement. This process is controlled by the nervous system and can vary in frequency and consistency depending on factors like diet, hydration, and overall health.
Hypotonic and hypertonic describe the concentration of the solute.
Hypotonic and hypertonic describe the concentration of solutes in a solution compared to another solution. In a hypotonic solution, there is a lower concentration of solutes than in the other solution, while in a hypertonic solution, there is a higher concentration of solutes.
The term used to describe a solution that has a lower concentration of solutes compared to another solution is "hypotonic." In a hypotonic solution, there are fewer solute particles relative to the solvent, leading to a lower osmotic pressure. This can result in water moving into the hypotonic solution through a process called osmosis, causing cells in the solution to swell or even burst.
Hypotonic refers to a solution with a lower solute concentration compared to another solution, while hypertonic refers to a solution with a higher solute concentration. These terms describe the concentration of solutes in solutions relative to each other.
The consequences of my choices to be be honest will be to pay extra cash.
Ramifications.
Osmoregulation is the term used to describe an animal's ability to survive if the cells are exposed to a hypotonic or hypertonic environment. This process helps maintain the balance of water and ions within the animal's cells to ensure their survival.
A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.
Tonicity best fits the single word you are looking for. One side is hypertonic and the other will be hypotonic.
Tonicity best fits the single word you are looking for. One side is hypertonic and the other will be hypotonic.
Yes, dehydration synthesis and dehydration reaction are often used interchangeably to describe a chemical reaction that involves the removal of a water molecule to form a new compound. This process is commonly seen in the formation of polymers, such as proteins and nucleic acids, through the bonding of monomers.
The term you're looking for is hypotonic, which basically refers to having reduced pressure or tone. In Biology, hypotonic refers to having a lower osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid.