Describe the process of ultrafiltration in the tubules of the kidneys?

Answer 1

It is a process of membrane filtration. Industrial term generally refer to the membrane filtration to extend of macro-molecule like protein but not fine enough to separate ion like sodium and calcium. Many market application of ultrafiltration as water pretreatment before the process of Reverse Osmosis, thickening of solvent/emulsion, waste water recover etc.

Example process of immerse hollow fibre ultrafiltration for waste water recovery: the fibre is immerse in the waste stream and the suction pressure drawn water pass fibre membrane to the inner hollow tube. The surface of membrane will need constant cleaning by purging out the media sheeting over the fibre surface. The end result is portion of recovered water and very concentrated waste stream that will be proceed to any future treatment and discharge.

Answer 2

• Microscopically, the kidney is composed of over one million nephrons.

• Each nephron is made up of several parts. The blind end of the nephron is pushed in on itself to form a cup-like structure called Bowman's capsule.

• Blood from the renal artery flows through an afferent arteriole, into the glomerulus, a capillary bed that is situated inside the Bowman's capsule.

• The blood in the glomerulus is under pressure and the capillary walls are fenestrated (perforated) to allow blood plasma through.

• The basement membrane of the Bowman's capsule has an irregular network of slits, so that much of the fluid from the blood filters into the capsule, leaving behind large proteins and whole cells, which are too big to pass through.

• Thus, the basement membrane acts as the dialysis membrane where ultrafiltration occurs.

• From the Bowman's capsule, the glomerular filtrate passes into the proximal convoluted tubule.

Answer 3

Ultrafiltration in the kidneys occurs in the glomerulus, where blood pressure forces small molecules such as water and waste products to pass through the filtration membrane into the Bowman's capsule. The filtrate then moves through the tubules where selective reabsorption of essential substances like glucose and ions occurs, while waste products are eliminated. Ultimately, the remaining fluid is concentrated into urine and excreted from the body.

Answer 4

in the renal tubules