Differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic translation?

Answer 1

Prokaryotes have a single circular chromosome, wherease eukaryotes have many bar shaped chromsomes. Also, prokaryotes are single cell organisms (there are some single cell eukaryotes, but never multicellular prokaryotes). Because multicellular organisms have so many cells, (such as humans), their chromsomes have to contain a lot of information to provide details to the cell so it can carry out it's job. In eukaryotic cell DNA there are introns and exons. When a gene is needed to be expressed, the cell must remove the information in the sequence that is not needed; ie, the introns. It is believed that the same DNA sequence can actually code for more than one gene because of the cells ability to remove introns and keep exons. for example, the word 'strawberry' contains the code for three words: straw, berry, strawberry. by removing peices of the word, you are left with information that provides a different set of instructions. Prokaryotes do not have introns and exons.

Answer 2

Negative Prokaryotic gene regulation usually comes in the form of feedback inhibition, with the end product of the process either interfering with an enzyme early in the production process, or by directly interfering with the operator sequence, acting as a repressor. There is also positive gene regulation found in prokaryotes. In this case, a repressor is normally attached to a the operator in the nucleotide sequence. A protein or a smaller molecule will act as an activator, attaching to the repressor and de-activating it. Eukaryotic genes have a TATA box right before, and enhancers very far upstream from the promotor sequence. When activators attach to the enhancer regions, a group of mediator proteins and some transcription factors will fall into place, allowing RNA polymerase to attach. This forms the transcription initiation complex. Without any of these elements, the gene cannot be transduced. In this way, eukaryotic genes may be regulated.

Answer 3

FeaturesProkaryotesEukaryotesComments DNA template Smaller genome, nonstructured Larger genome, pack into nucleosomes Larger genome will have more nonspecific sites. Packaging causes general repression Transcription unit Mostly polycistronic Mostly monocistronic, 3 types Eu. have types I, II, III mRNA formation Colinear w DNA Splice out the introns; add poly(A) tails Not all genes have introns or poly(A) tail in eukaryotes Promoter element RNA polymerase holoenzyme can recog. promoter directly RNA polymerase canNOT recog. promoter directly Preinitiation complex (PIC) in eu. is functionally equivalent to prokaryotic holoenzyme Relationship with translation Coupled Uncoupled Eukaryotes have nuclei

Answer 4

In prokaryotic gene expression, RNA is translated into protein almost as fast as it is transcribed; there is no nucleus therefore no separation of the transcription and translation processes. The presence of introns in a prokaryotic genome would interfere with protein function because there would be no time between transcription and translation to splice them out. In contrast, eukaryotic gene expression involves production of a primary TNA transcript from which the introns are introns are removed. There is sufficient time for this to take place because transcription and translation occur inside and ouside the nucleus respectively.

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Answer 5

different between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation

Answer 6

RNA polymerase may recognize a promoter region and begin transcription.

Answer 7

Transcription in prokaryotes happen in the cytoplasm while in the eukaryotes it happens in the nucleus.

Answer 8

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