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Kinetic energy is the amount of energy in an object due to its motion. It is defined as the amount of work that was required to accelerate the object from rest to its current velocity. In classical Newtonian physics, kinetic energy is calcualted in the following equation.

Ek=1/2mv2

Where:

  • Ek is the kinetic energy of a body;
  • m is the mass of the body; and
  • v is the velocity of the body.

Note that kinetic energy is always relative to the observer's frame of reference. For example, a girl holding a ball still would tell you the ball has no kinetic energy, because it is not moving - it has a velocity of zero, and according to the above equation, the kinetic energy must also be zero. Even if she were in a moving car holding the ball, she would still tell you (correctly) that the ball has no kinetic energy, because from her perspective, the ball is not moving. But from a bystander's perspective on the sidewalk, the ball (and the girl, the car, etc.) would indeed have kinetic energy, because, from the bystander's frame of reference, the ball is moving.

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