How can a mutation in a DNA base sequence cause a change in a proteins?

Answer 1

dna in a cell needs protein and chromosomes.

Answer 2

A change as small as one base pair in a codon can have profound consequences on the function of the affected organism.

Suppose a cosmic ray or an ultraviolet ray brushes by a segment of DNA that codes for the RNA sequence UUU (meaning three uracil nucleotides in a row), and changes just one of those nucleotides into a different one. The RNA sequence UUU codes for the amino acid phenylalanine. Suppose the DNA was changed so that just one of these nucleotides was changed. In the case that the RNA codon was changed to UUC (meaning the last uracil in sequence was changed to a cytosine), then nothing would happen, for UUC also codes for phenylalanine. But if the DNA were changed so that the final uracil were replaced with a guanine or an adenosine (UUG or UUA), then the RNA would now code for the amino acid leucine.

This doesn't sound like a big difference, but amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, which are the building blocks of the body, and changing only one of them can make a major change in bodily structure and function. For example, although hemoglobin is a large and complex protein built out of hundreds of amino acids, the hemoglobin of people with sickle-cell anemia differs from that of normal people by only a few amino acids.

Answer 3

The DNA code is 'read' in threes. Each group of threes equals one amino acid. Proteins are made of chains of amino acids much like a sentence is a string of three letter words. If one of the three is not what it should be (a mutation or mistake), then the amino acid will make no sense.
Some mutations can make sense but many don't.

Mutations that replaces one base for another will result in something like this: The beg red peg ate the red rag. (The big red pig ate the red rag is correct). This mutation can be read OK.
But another type might make the sentence totally unreadable: The big res dpi gat eth ere dra g.

Answer 4

A mutation in a DNA base sequence can cause a change in a protein if it leads to a different amino acid being incorporated into the protein during translation. This can result in a protein with altered structure and function, impacting its normal roles and potentially leading to diseases or abnormalities.

Answer 5

Some mutations produce new traits that can help an organism survive.

Answer 6

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