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The relationship between a hormone and a target cell is that hormones are chemicals released in one part of the body that travel through the bloodstream and affect the activity of cells in the body. Hormones do this by binding to specific chemical receptors on those cells. Target cells have receptors for a particular hormone. Which means is cells do not have receptors or the receptors do not respond to a particular hormone, the hormone has no affect on it.
Wiki User
∙ 14y ago
Wiki User
∙ 12y agoHormones are generally facilitators, although some are inhibitors It depends on the hormone and the function of its target cell. Let's look at one example of a specific hormone and how it works on its target cells.
Insulin is a protein hormone made in the pancreas. Its job is to facilitate the diffusion of glucose from the blood plasma into the cells, through the cell membranes, especially those of muscle cells.
Insulin binds with receptors on the target cells, and when it does, the cell membrane becomes permeable to glucose which then diffuses into the cell from the blood plasma. If the insulin is insufficient or the insulin receptors on the cell membranes of the target cells are damaged, glucose cannot pass through the membranes into the cells and remains in the blood plasma, a condition called Diabetes; there are two basic types of diabetes, but the bottom line is that if insulin is not present or is unable to bind with its receptors on its target cells, it cannot perform its function as a facilitator for glucose.
Other hormones have different functions. Thyroid hormones control metabolic rate in the mitochondria of their target cells, sex hormones control meiosis to form sperm or egg and also the development of sexual characteristics, etc. There are many hormones with many different functions, but they are generally needed to facilitate or inhibit, as in the case of norepenepherine on the AV node of the heart, for example..it slows heartbeat and lowers stroke volume of the heart, some chemical or molecular process in or on their target cells.
Wiki User
∙ 11y agoA hormone is distributed throughout the body by the blood. The target cells are the only cells which respond to it to do their functions.
Nothing else. Really.
Wiki User
∙ 11y agopenis
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What must be present on tissue or an organ in order for it to respond to the presence of a hormone?
There are certain receptors for some specific hormones on the cell membranes of the target cells of the hormone. They are activated by the hormone and combine with it to form a complex that undergoes a series of receptor mediated reactiions to perform the particular function inside the cell. Some hormones pass through the cell membrane and interact with the receptors present on the membrane of cell organelles. Some hormones like thyroxine interact directly with the nucleus and trigger metabolic enzyme synthesis for increasing BMR
What hormones can enter the target cell and bind to receptors in the nucleus?
steriod hormones - since they are lipophilic and fusses with the membrane to enter teh cell.
Where would steroid hormones most likely interact with their target cell?
In the nucleus.
Are hormones target molecules or signal molecules?
Hormones affect target cells because target cells have receptors that bind with certain hormones (they're specific). If a cell does not have a receptor then it is not affected by hormones. Target cells (which do have the receptor for a particular hormone) would be affected by the hormone.
How does protein hormones reach their target cells?
Usually in blood plasma, which carries them to their target cells. They 'recognize' these cells based on receptors on the cell membranes to which they bind.
The receptors for thyroid hormones are found?
within the nucleus of the target cell
The receptors for catecholamine and polypeptide hormones are found?
on the outer surface of the target cell
What must be present on tissue or an organ in order for it to respond to the presence of a hormone?
There are certain receptors for some specific hormones on the cell membranes of the target cells of the hormone. They are activated by the hormone and combine with it to form a complex that undergoes a series of receptor mediated reactiions to perform the particular function inside the cell. Some hormones pass through the cell membrane and interact with the receptors present on the membrane of cell organelles. Some hormones like thyroxine interact directly with the nucleus and trigger metabolic enzyme synthesis for increasing BMR
What hormones can enter the target cell and bind to receptors in the nucleus?
steriod hormones - since they are lipophilic and fusses with the membrane to enter teh cell.
What is the difference between protein hormones and steroid hormones and how they communicate with their target cells?
Steroid hormones arelipid-soluble and can dissolve easily into the cell membrane of the target cell to connect with receptors. Protein hormones are water-soluble and connect with receptors at the membrane because it can't diffuse through the membrane.
How does a hormone identify its target?
Only target cells have receptors inside cytoplazm (for steroid hormones) or on cell membrane (for protein hormones) that make the hormone active.
Where would steroid hormones most likely interact with their target cell?
In the nucleus.
Are hormones target molecules or signal molecules?
Hormones affect target cells because target cells have receptors that bind with certain hormones (they're specific). If a cell does not have a receptor then it is not affected by hormones. Target cells (which do have the receptor for a particular hormone) would be affected by the hormone.
What hormone can enter the target cell and bind to receptors in the nucleus?
steriod hormones - since they are lipophilic and fusses with the membrane to enter teh cell.
How does protein hormones reach their target cells?
Usually in blood plasma, which carries them to their target cells. They 'recognize' these cells based on receptors on the cell membranes to which they bind.
What is the Cell that receives and transmit information?
nerve cell or receptors nerve cell or receptors nerve cell or receptors
Why target cell respond to the hormone while others are uneffected?
Target cells respond to hormones because they have specific receptors for the hormone on their cell membrane or inside the cell. These receptors enable the hormone to bind and initiate a cellular response. Other cells that do not have the specific receptors for that hormone are unaffected because they cannot bind to the hormone or activate the necessary signaling pathways.
