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In simple terms proteins have specific structures to bind DNA, these have specific Amino Acids that give specificity for certain DNA sequences. As far as I am aware the main binding force is Hydrogen bonds between the Amino Acids and the DNA bases.
More specifically there are three well known of DNA binding motifs that proteins have. These are:
Homeodomains (Helix-Turn-Helix)
This class has three alpha helices, the 3 helix sits in the major groove of DNA and interacts with it in a base specific manor via Hydrogen bonding. Helix 1 and 2 sit above the DNA strand to stabilise the binding and the N terminal tail interacts in the minor groove.
Zinc Fingers
Form a special structure around a zinc atom (held by interaction with Cysteine and Histidine residues) to stabilise them (the protein motif is too small to have a hydrophobic core). To bind DNA the alpha helix (where the Histidine residues are found) of the domain again typically iteracts with the major groove of the target DNA.
Basic Leucine Zippers
These consist of two long alpha helices bound together by interactions between leucine residues found every 7 amino acids on each chain. The ends of the helices have a basic region that is responsible for binding DNA, again in the major groove.
That is all I can remember off the top of my head, hope it helps.
What else can I help you with?
Proteins that bind to DNA and turn on operons by making it easier for RNA polymerase to bind to a promoter are called?
Transcription factors are proteins that bind to DNA and help regulate the initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase at promoter regions. They can enhance the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter, thereby turning on the expression of specific operons.
What binds to DNA enhancer regions?
Transcription factors bind to DNA enhancer regions to regulate gene expression. These proteins recognize specific DNA sequences and play a key role in activating or repressing the transcription of nearby genes. Enhancers can be located far away from the genes they regulate, and their binding by transcription factors helps to control when and to what extent a gene is expressed.
What material is used to represent the centromeres?
Proteins and DNA are the primary materials used to represent centromeres. Centromeres are specialized regions on chromosomes where kinetochore proteins bind to assist in chromosome segregation during cell division. These proteins interact with specific DNA sequences found at the centromere region.
What are membrane proteins that bind to signals by which cells communicate?
Receptors are membrane proteins that bind to signals by which cells communicate. These receptors recognize specific signaling molecules such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factors, and initiate a cellular response upon binding. Examples include G-protein coupled receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases.
What molecules are present in cells that might interfere with DNA extraction?
Molecules that can interfere with DNA extraction include proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and polyphenols. These molecules can bind to DNA, causing it to be more difficult to extract or making the DNA susceptible to degradation during the extraction process. It is important to use appropriate methods to remove or inhibit these molecules before extracting DNA from cells.
Silencers are sites in DNA that?
bind repressor proteins to inhibit the start of transcriptions
What are the proteins that bind to DNA and turn on operons by making it easier for RNA polymerase to bind to a promoter called?
transcription factor
Proteins that bind to DNA and turn on operons by making it easier for RNA polymerase to bind to a promoter are called?
Transcription factors are proteins that bind to DNA and help regulate the initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase at promoter regions. They can enhance the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter, thereby turning on the expression of specific operons.
What name is given to the group of proteins that bind to the unzipped DNA to keep the DNA bases from re-bonding once they have unzipped?
The mRNA strand!
What do the antibody proteins do?
They bind to antigens, which can be either proteins, carbohydrates, or proteins decorated with attached carbohydrates. This allows the immune system to recognize infectious organisms and parasites so it can prepare to fight them.
Enhancers must bind to the repressor protein?
Enhancers do not directly bind to repressor proteins. Enhancers typically bind to activator proteins, which in turn help recruit RNA polymerase to the promoter region of a gene, leading to gene transcription. Repressor proteins, on the other hand, bind to specific DNA sequences to inhibit gene transcription.
What kind of proteins protect single stranded DNA?
Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (SSBs) are specialized proteins that bind and protect single-stranded DNA from degradation and stabilize the DNA structure during processes such as replication, recombination, and repair. SSBs prevent the single-stranded DNA from forming secondary structures and help facilitate the binding of other proteins involved in DNA metabolism.
What do single stranded binding proteins do?
When double stranded DNA is unwound into single stranded DNA, single-strand binding proteins bind to each single stranded DNA strand and prevent the two strands from reattaching to each other, allowing DNA replication to continue.
Why the first porting complex bind to TARA box?
The TATA box (also called Goldberg-Hogness box) is a DNA sequence. The polymerase can then recognize this multi-protein complex and bind to it.
How do stabilizing proteins work on the DNA?
Stabilizing proteins, such as histones, help to maintain the structure of DNA by compacting it into chromatin. These proteins interact with DNA to prevent tangling and breaking, as well as to regulate access to the genetic information encoded in DNA. This stabilization is important for proper chromosome segregation during cell division and for accurate gene expression.
Why must proteins must be removed before quantitative analysis of DNA by the Dische reaction?
Because dna is most of the time coiled around several types of proteins called histones and have interactions with other proteins necessary in the formation of the chromosomes. Also some dna such as in bactyerial cells, ribosomal dna are simultaneously attached to the circular dna during translation and transcription.
What binds to DNA enhancer regions?
Transcription factors bind to DNA enhancer regions to regulate gene expression. These proteins recognize specific DNA sequences and play a key role in activating or repressing the transcription of nearby genes. Enhancers can be located far away from the genes they regulate, and their binding by transcription factors helps to control when and to what extent a gene is expressed.
