Mean PA pressure divided by Fick cardiac output
concentration gradient
The difference in concentration of a substance across a space is called a concentration gradient. It represents the change in concentration over a given distance and drives processes like diffusion and osmosis. Substances move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration along the concentration gradient to achieve equilibrium.
The electrochemical gradient is a combination of the electrical gradient and the concentration gradient. It influences the movement of ions across cell membranes during cellular transport processes. The concentration gradient refers to the difference in the concentration of ions or molecules inside and outside the cell, while the electrical gradient refers to the difference in charge across the cell membrane. Together, they determine the direction and rate of ion movement in cellular transport processes.
Passive transport moves with the concentration gradient.
Diffusion is affected by a decrease in concentration gradient because concentration gradient is directly proportional to the rate of diffusion. A decrease in concentration gradient also lowers the rate of diffusion.
(rise)/(run)
Gradient= Vertical gain / Horizontal distance Hope this helps ;P
Draw a tangent to the curve at the point where you need the gradient and find the gradient of the line by using gradient = up divided by across
transpulmonary pressure
When the transpulmonary pressure is greater than zero water is forced out of the lung tissue and collects in the space between the lungs and the chest wall. This is known as an transudative pleural effusion.
To determine the gradient of a ramp, you can use the formula: Gradient = vertical rise / horizontal run. Measure the height of the ramp (vertical rise) and the distance along the slope (horizontal run), then calculate the gradient by dividing the height by the distance. The gradient represents the steepness of the ramp.
Y divided by X axix- Y/X
The answer will depend on what variables are graphed!
Intrathoracic pressure
If transpulmonary pressure decreases, it may indicate a decrease in the difference between alveolar pressure and intrapleural pressure. This can lead to decreased lung expansion and ventilation, potentially resulting in reduced oxygen exchange and impaired respiratory function.
Using limits and the basic gradient formula: rise/run.
suppose you have a gradient of (1:40) divide 1000mm by 40mm = 25mm so for every meter run gradient fall by 25mm till you get to the invert level. That's it.