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in the ABO blood type, there are two main anitgens or agglutinogens, A and B. A type has the A antigen, B type B antigen, O none, and AB both the A and B antigen. Thus, O is a universal donor due to its lack of antigens and AB is a univeral reciepient due to the fact that it has both antigens.

btw, antigens= complex sugar molecules attached to the membrane of RBCs

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