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Neurotoxins disrupt the nerve signalling in the human body. There are two common mechanisms by which nerve signaling is disrupted. The cell that receives the signal does so when receptors within its membrane interact with the neurotransmitters. Some neurotoxins act by blocking these receptors, making it impossible for them to receive signals. When signaling stops, nerve function is impaired or eliminated and, the neurotoxin has caused its damage.
There are special enzymes in the synaptic cleft that break down certain neurotransmitters. Some neurotoxins block the actions of the hydrolytic enzymes, thereby preventing the removal of acetylcholine, leading to continuous stimulation of the neurons and, ultimately, cell death.
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